Blog

Ha Thomas • Mar 16, 2024

Using act (acceptance and commitment therapy) to help children with ADHD

As a behavior analyst working with several children diagnosed with ADHD, I've found that incorporating Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) exercises into my sessions has made a significant difference in reducing challenging behaviors in my clients. 

We practice mindfulness exercises every day, like taking deep breaths or focusing on sensations, to help children become more aware of their thoughts and feelings. For instance, when a child feels overwhelmed by distractions during class, they can use mindfulness techniques to refocus their attention and stay on task.

We teach defusion techniques, where children learn to distance themselves from negative thoughts. Imagine a child who often thinks "I'm not good at anything." Through defusion, they learn to see these thoughts as passing clouds. They also learn to flip those thoughts by looking at the situation from a different angle. 

Values clarification is another important aspect of ACT. We help children identify their core values, like being kind or working hard in school. By connecting their actions to these values, children can make choices that align with what's important to them. For example, if a child values honesty, they might choose to admit a mistake instead of hiding it.

Finally, we encourage committed action by setting achievable goals and celebrating progress. For instance, if a child struggles with impulsivity, we might set a goal for them to pause and think before acting impulsively. Each time they successfully pause, it reinforces their ability to control their impulses and move closer to their goal.

By integrating these ACT exercises into our sessions, I’ve noticed significant improvements in my clients’ capacity to control their behaviors. These straightforward yet potent techniques empower children to confront challenges more effectively which enhances happier and more fulfilling lives. 

Ha Thomas • Feb 16, 2024

Some coping exercises for a child with ADHD

“Tony” (a fictitious name) is a school-age boy with ADHD, severe aggression towards family members, self-injurious behaviors when overwhelmed, and a history of a suicide attempt. In crafting a treatment plan for him, I keep reminding myself that an approach with sensitivity, care, and the focus on fostering a safe, supportive environment is crucial. Over three months, these tailored activities have played a pivotal role in dramatically reducing Tony's challenging behaviors. Here are a few things that his family and I collaborate on:

 1. Mindfulness and relaxation exercises:

In all sessions with Tony's family, we explored various mindfulness activities, such as different breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation, and child-friendly yoga movements. These practices were particularly effective in moments when Tony felt overwhelmed. We witnessed Tony being able to implement these techniques independently during hard events. 

2. Emotion identification and expression:

Using emotion cards and story-telling, we worked with Tony and his family to help him identify and articulate his feelings in a safe and understanding setting. This activity not only aided Tony in understanding his emotions but also in expressing them in a healthy way. After 3 months, he has now shared his feelings at the moment of speech in most situations.

3. Creative activities: Fixing a leaky boat (a cardboard boat) or creating a family board game, music, dance.

Music and dance offered Tony a non-verbal outlet for his emotions and energies. We also implemented family activities that required collaboration among family members. This allowed Tony to channel his feelings constructively. These activities contributed significantly to his improved behaviors. 

4. Positive reinforcement system- A behavior contract

We established a behavior contract within the family, where Tony would receive praise and points in exchange for small rewards, for exhibiting desired behaviors. This not only motivated Tony to continue utilizing these techniques but also reinforced his positive behavior changes.

5. Family communication sessions

Regular, open discussions about feelings, behaviors, and needs were encouraged, with all family members participating. These sessions are so important, and created a supportive atmosphere at home, where Tony felt heard and understood. These are also opportunities for Tony to learn other people’s perspectives.

Tony's progress is a shining example of what dedication and consistency can achieve. His parents have been right there with me, putting in 4 hours every week and keeping close track of his journey. Their hard work has played a huge part in his improvement. And for me, Tony's story really highlights the power of mindful-compassionate ABA. 

You don't need an ASD or ADHD diagnosis to get help. If you're facing behavioral challenges, we're here to support you.

Ha Thomas • Nov 27, 2023

As a Behavior Analyst working with children across a spectrum of conditions, not just autism, I understand that parenting can be incredibly challenging, especially for those with special needs children. Here are some insights and advice that might help you in your journey:

1. Seek Professional Support: Parenting a child with special needs is a demanding task, and it's essential to know that you don't have to do it alone. Determine your child's needs through research and begin with appropriate therapy. For example:

  - If your child exhibits behaviors like aggression, self-injurious behaviors, or vocal stimming, ABA therapy could be beneficial.

  - Consider speech therapy for speech delays without significant behavioral challenges.

  - Occupational Therapy might be suitable for habits like body rocking without other challenging behaviors.

2. School Readiness: Whether you're considering mainstream schooling or homeschooling, preparing your child with essential skills is crucial. These include attending to table tasks, following simple instructions, developing waiting skills, and managing challenging behaviors like aggression and self-injurious behavior (SIB). Both educational paths are valid – the key is finding what best supports your child and family's needs.

3. The Importance of Timely Intervention: Postponing professional help can escalate challenges for both your child and your mental health. If you're facing long waitlists for diagnostic evaluations or services, consider starting with alternative approaches. Even small changes in routine or beginning with another type of therapy can make a significant difference in your life and your child's development.

4. Empowering Parents: I've witnessed firsthand how ABA therapy can bring relief to families in challenging situations. My focus is to provide immediate support while training you to be your child’s most effective therapist. The combination of a parent’s instinct and a therapist's skills can be incredibly empowering.

Every step you take, no matter how small, is a positive move towards progress. If you're feeling overwhelmed and in need of support, please don't hesitate to reach out. I offer a 30-minute free consultation where I can share various techniques to help manage challenging behaviors. Or, if you simply need someone to listen and offer guidance, I'm here to lend a supportive ear.

Ha Thomas • Oct 23, 2023

Halloween festivities can be challenging for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Yet, properly planning and consideration can transform these challenges into delightful experiences. For parents seeking effective strategies to ensure safety and joy for their autistic child during Halloween, here are some tips:

1. Prepare Ahead of Time - Minimizing unfamiliarity is key. 

     Social Stories for Halloween: Familiarizing your child with Halloween by talking about it, and/or use social stories, books, or videos to familiarize your child with Halloween customs like trick-or-treating, costume parades, etc

    Costume Rehearsal: Familiarize your child with their costume by practicing wearing it several times before Halloween. This ensures they acclimate to its texture and appearance, prioritizing comfort. 

   Plan a Trick-or-Treat Route: Opt for familiar neighborhoods with minimal spooky decorations. Mapping out a route can reduce unforeseen stimuli and potential anxiety triggers.

2. Address Sensory Sensitivities

    Not-so-spooky decorations: When decking up your home, lean towards mellow Halloween decorations. Think luminous pumpkins, benevolent ghosts, and other gentle adornments.

    Alternative Treats: Given dietary concerns common among autistic children, options like stickers, coloring pencils, or little trinkets are great alternatives. You may consider giving your neighbors a heads-up in terms of giving out treats. 

    Halloween buckets: Do you know you can color code your child’s Halloween bucket? “A teal bucket signifies a person who can only receive allergy-free treats, a blue bucket helps promote awareness for trick-or-treaters with autism.” (National Autism Association)

3. Communication tools

    Teach functional communication: For non-verbal children, introducing basic sign language or picture exchanges can facilitate expressions like "all done" or "no" or “stop”.

    Use communication aids: Equip your child with cards that convey messages like, “Trick or Treating”, "I'm non-verbal but I'd love to wish you a happy Halloween and Thank you for the treats!"

    Practice beforehand: By role-playing Halloween interactions, such as articulating "trick or treat," “Thank you”, or “No thank you”, will help your child feel more confident going trick or treating. 

4. Safety

    Stay connected: Teach hand-holding skill beforehand, and ensure your child is always within sight.

    Visible Accessories: Equip your child with glow sticks, reflective badges, or luminous clothing to enhance visibility when it gets dark. 

5. Creative alternatives for trick or treating: 

    An in-home Halloween celebration: If your child gets overwhelmed easily, consider an in-home celebration where you can facilitate different Halloween-related activities for your child: giving them their favorite treats, watching their favorite show, doing some Halloween arts and crafts, etc. 

6. Post-Halloween Reflections

    This is a great learning opportunity for your child if they are vocal. Ask them questions about their experiences, ask how they felt about it, and engage them in a conversation with you to gain insights into their experiences – the great and the potential “not so great”. This will help you better prepare them for next year's Halloween, and know how you can help them with the necessary skills to enjoy the next Halloween. 

Halloween is about fun, safety, and being together. It's a chance to learn and get ready for next time. So, prepare your child to enjoy it; if things don't go as planned, there's always the next Halloween.

Ha Thomas • Oct 15, 2023

Understanding ABA Therapy for Autism: A Guide for Parents and Caregivers

If you're a parent or caregiver exploring therapeutic interventions for autism, you've likely encountered Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy. Consistently recommended by experts, ABA therapy has gained praise for its effectiveness in aiding children with autism and other related disorders.But as with all therapies, individual experiences can vary.

Explaining ABA for Parents

ABA therapy, at its core, involves meticulously observing specific behaviors and adjusting the environment to induce positive changes. The challenge is understanding which strategies truly benefit the child. Key considerations include emotional well-being and ensuring that every intervention aligns with the child's unique needs.

ABA Therapy Settings Explained

For those parents and caregivers new to ABA, the therapy can be tailored to fit various settings:

1. Home-Based ABA Therapy

Pros: 

   - Familiar Environment: A space where the child feels secure can boost learning outcomes.

   - Parental Convenience: No travel hassles as experts come to your residence.

   - Generalization of skills: Skills acquired can be immediately woven into routine activities.

Cons: 

   - Home Distractions: Potential interruptions that can slow down the learning pace.

  - Space Needs: A specific, quiet spot is essential for productive sessions, especially sessions that require Discrete Trial Training (DTT).

2. School-Based ABA Therapy

Pros: 

  - Generalization of skills in school setting: Direct application of learned skills during school hours.

- Socialization: Plenty of opportunities to practice socialization skills and following school/classroom instructions. 

  - Team Collaboration: Enhanced coordination between the ABA team and school staff for a holistic approach.

Cons: 

  - Individual Focus: Busy school environments might reduce one-on-one attention.

   - Sensitivity Issues: Some children might be self-aware of needing extra help.

3. Clinical ABA Therapy

Pros: 

   - Structured Environment: Clinics, designed for therapy, ensure zero distractions.

   - Resource Availability: Immediate access to tools and materials.

Cons: 

   - Travel Concerns: For some families, commuting can be challenging.

   - Real-Life Transfer: Taking skills from the clinic to home might need more effort.

Tips for Parents and Caregivers

The effectiveness of ABA therapy demands consistent commitment. Ensure that sessions are regular, and therapists remain unchanged for a period to ensure your child's steady progress. Prioritize quality—ensure therapists are certified and undergo continuous training. Stay curious and proactive. Notice changes, ask questions, and maintain an open line of communication with your ABA provider.

In essence, the success of ABA therapy for autism is anchored in regular, collaborative efforts. Regardless of the setting, a cohesive team of therapists, parents, and educators ensures a child's journey towards holistic development.

Ha Thomas • Oct 13, 2023

For many parents with children who have special needs, the journey is filled with challenges, discoveries, and the continuous search for supportive resources. Here's a detailed compilation of resources that can be beneficial for families of autism and special needs, some specifically in Florida, some in other states as well. 

1. Government Programs:

    - Gardiner Scholarship: A Florida-based initiative that offers financial aid to children with select disabilities. Parents can apply directly through the Step Up For Students portal. Once approved, funds can be used for specialized curriculums, therapy, and even certain technology tools.

Follow link: https://www.stepupforstudents.org/blog/category/gardiner-scholarships/?utm_term=&utm_campaign=Thrive_PerformanceMax&utm_source=Google_Thrive_PerformanceMax&utm_medium=cpc&hsa_acc=8378114378&hsa_cam=19631182293&hsa_grp=&hsa_ad=&hsa_src=x&hsa_tgt=&hsa_kw=&hsa_mt=&hsa_net=adwords&hsa_ver=3&gad=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjw1aOpBhCOARIsACXYv-eiHcgvFyD6J7ankpQsD7ePKS7YxzilHbE0HvuHpH8TFK2PlW4rZE0aAg7jEALw_wcB

    - Medicaid Waivers: Florida operates several waiver programs tailored to children with autism spectrum disorders. Parents can apply through the Florida Department of Children and Families to access services such as ABA therapies and other behavioral interventions.

Follow link: https://www.myflfamilies.com/services/substance-abuse-and-mental-health/substance-abuse-mental-health-treatment-services-and-3-4

2. Educational Support:

    - Individualized Education Plan (IEP): Parents can request an IEP evaluation through their school district. Post-assessment, an IEP team will craft a tailored plan addressing cognitive and developmental needs.

Follow link: https://www.floridahealth.gov/provider-and-partner-resources/fccdhh/education/parents.html#:~:text=The%20IEP%20is%20a%20document,Present%20levels%20of%20educational%20performance

    - 504 Plans: Designed to ensure kids with disabilities receive appropriate accommodations. Parents can liaise with school counselors to draft a 504 plan, ensuring their child gets a fair education. Parents can learn more about 504 plan through your school district website. Bellow is the link to Orlando Orange County School District 504 Section.

Follow link: https://cdnsm5-ss15.sharpschool.com/UserFiles/Servers/Server_54619/File/Departments/Exceptional%20Student%20Education/Section%20504/OCPS_Section_504_FAQ_7_2019.pdf

3. Travel Accommodations:

    - Airlines: Major airlines like Delta and American Airlines have dedicated support teams. Parents can call the airline's special needs assistance hotline prior to travel to discuss specific accommodations.

Follow link to Delta Airlines: https://www.delta.com/us/en/accessible-travel-services/cognitive-disability-assistance

Follow link to American Airlines: https://www.aa.com/i18n/travel-info/special-assistance/special-assistance.jsp

4. Insurance and Medical Support:

    - Insurance Coverage: Parents should consult their insurance providers to determine coverage. Many insurers offer benefits for AAC devices, adaptive beds, and therapies. If specific coverage isn't inherent in the policy, parents can request a policy review or exception.

Visit the official website of your insurance provider. They will have detailed policy outlines and coverage specifics.

5. Private Organizations & Nonprofits:

    - Several organizations in Florida, like The Arc of Florida, focus on children with special needs. They provide therapies, counseling, and organized recreational activities. Parents can join these groups to access resources and support.

Follow link: https://www.arcflorida.org/

6. Community Support:

    - Local Support Groups: Platforms like Meetup or local community centers often host support group sessions. These are spaces for parents to share experiences and access a pool of emotional support.

Follow link: https://www.meetup.com/lp/start-a-meetup-group?utm_medium=SEM&utm_source=google&utm_campaign=mmrk_adwords_orgacq_us_branded_pro&utm_term=group&utm_content=lp_grp_pro&gclid=Cj0KCQjw1aOpBhCOARIsACXYv-fhzLK37RkUL4gzVZFX0RyIyCApkvq-K6jJhe0XMxYJROrnhrAjXfUaAkmmEALw_wcB

7. Recreational Programs:

    - Organizations such as Special Olympics Florida offer tailored activities for children, fostering both inclusivity and fun. Parents can enroll their children in these programs for both skill-building and recreation.

Follow link: https://www.specialolympics.org/?_ga=2.161123453.1163485279.1697227524-755442519.1697227524&_gac=1.85310571.1697227524.Cj0KCQjw1aOpBhCOARIsACXYv-dTQyR4l3ox_sN9-yboLNTSehCr1TsegklsMyYqMMPZVEx06wxlum4aAiTQEALw_wcB

8. Financial Assistance Programs:

    - Groups like Autism Speaks offer financial grants that parents can apply for. These funds can be channeled towards therapies, assistive devices, or other necessary resources.

Follow link: https://www.autismspeaks.org/individuals-and-families

9. Assistive Technology:

    - FAAST (Florida Alliance for Assistive Services and Technology): Parents can access a range of technological solutions through FAAST. They offer training, device loans, and more to cater to individuals with special needs.

Follow link: https://faast.org/services/information-and-assistance/

10. Respite Care Services:

    - Organizations like Easterseals Florida offer respite care services. Parents can utilize these services for short-term breaks, ensuring their children are cared for in a compassionate environment.

Follow link: https://www.easterseals.com/florida/

The journey with special needs is like a treasure hunt. No matter where you are, whether in Florida, another US state, or a different country, there are hidden gems of support out there. All it takes is a little digging, asking around, and thinking outside the box. Remember, every challenge sparks creativity, and you're not alone on this adventure.

Ha Thomas • Oct 10, 2023

In my years of offering autism support training, I recently encountered a challenging situation: a client who would resist even the most basic interactions. This client's unexpected responses, especially to typical greetings like "Hi" and "Goodbye," were intriguing. Upon further discussion with her mother, I learned about Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA). As a behavior analyst with a focus on individualized autism care strategies, this spurred me to do some research on this topic.

This article doesn't aim to diagnose but to inform and provide caregivers, professionals, and ABA coaching service providers insights into PDA to better tailor their approaches.

What Exactly is Pathological Demand Avoidance?

While PDA is still a burgeoning subject in psychology and behavioral health, it's increasingly being acknowledged, at least by some, as a potential profile within the autism spectrum. At its core, PDA involves an intense, anxiety-driven resistance to routine demands, underscoring the individual’s overwhelming need to control their environment.

Key Indicators of PDA:

- An often overpowering resistance to daily demands, even those they might find enjoyable.

- The knack for employing social tactics like diversion or making excuses, essentially employing social maneuvers to dodge requests.

- While they might appear affable and social on the surface, there's often a lack of genuine understanding—displaying sociability without depth.

- Exhibiting frequent mood shifts coupled with impulsive actions.

- A penchant for role-playing, storytelling, and often blurring the lines between fiction and reality.

- Contrary to many on the autism spectrum, individuals with PDA might show a keen interest in people, prioritizing them over objects or tasks.

Tailored Approaches for PDA Traits:

The world of holistic ABA therapy offers various tools, but working with PDA requires some unique strategies. Traditional methods that might work wonders for children with standard autism diagnoses may not resonate with those with PDA traits. Being mindful in our practice is crucial.

1. Foster Collaboration: Traditional disciplinary methods might intensify PDA behaviors. A negotiation-centric approach is more effective. Include the child in decisions as much as possible, even if the choices are limited. For instance, "Would you prefer to do your homework now or in 10 minutes?”

2. Minimize Direct Demands: Wording matters. Offering options or casting tasks as playful challenges can be more palatable than direct instructions. Instead of telling them to do something directly, present it as a choice, a suggestion, or even a game.

3. Offer Subtle Praise: Blatant commendation can be perceived as setting an expectation. Subtler feedback can be more effective. Focus on and praise the positives. Use genuine, specific praise to reinforce desired behaviors.

4. Maintain Predictability: An unpredictable setting can heighten anxiety. A consistent routine, or advanced notice of changes, can offer stability. While you want to be flexible in your approach, it’s also essential to ensure the child knows what to expect to reduce anxiety. Visual schedules or discussing the day's plan can be useful.

5. Prioritize Trust: Forming a bond built on trust is essential. It's vital to comprehend their anxieties and consistently act in a way that reinforces their trust. Building a strong, trusting relationship is crucial. PDA children often respond best to individuals they trust and feel comfortable with.

6. Practice Adaptability: Being open to change, while still upholding certain limits, can lessen the perception of demands.

7. Reduce External Pressures: Recognizing when the child is becoming overwhelmed and reducing stimuli can prevent meltdowns. This might mean moving to a quieter space or allowing them a break.

8. Safe Space: Provide a safe space where the child can retreat and decompress when feeling overwhelmed

9. Communication: Encourage open communication. Let the child express their feelings and anxieties, and validate these feelings.

10. Seek Professional Support: Consider seeking support from professionals experienced in PDA, such as therapists or counselors, who can provide targeted strategies and interventions.

14. Educate and Collaborate: If the child is in school, ensure that educators are informed about PDA and collaborate on strategies that work both at home and school. 

In Conclusion:

As our understanding of PDA evolves, one thing remains clear: the need for empathy, tailored strategies, and a holistic approach that veers away from a one-size-fits-all methodology. For those assisting someone with PDA characteristics, patience and a deep understanding are indispensable. Remember, at the heart of the avoidance often lies profound anxiety. By adjusting our strategies and adopting a more individualized approach, we can foster more effective outcomes and deeper, more fulfilling relationships.

Sep 18, 2023

https://youtu.be/G50ltxjHQQU

Sep 18, 2023

https://youtu.be/X9TCr9PbA4k

Jul 16, 2023

Follow these steps as a guidance to start ABA therapy for your child. Remeber to embrace the journey and witness the positive impact it can have on your child’s development. 

https://youtu.be/yxZajhHSEbs

Jul 12, 2023

AN INTRODUCTION: SKILLS SHAPE ABA 

At Skills Shape ABA, we specialize in providing exceptional ABA Training Services tailored to meet the unique needs of caregivers. Our goal is to equip caregivers with the necessary knowledge and skills to effectively implement ABA programs for their children.

#skillsshapeaba #parentstraining #caregiverstraining #aba

https://youtu.be/sdw8rx4RvL8